|
The Paris Métro or Métropolitain ((フランス語:Métro de Paris)) is a rapid transit system in the Paris Metropolitan Area. A symbol of the city, it is noted for its density within the city limits and its uniform architecture, influenced by Art Nouveau. It is mostly underground and long. It has 303 stations, of which 62 have transfers between lines.〔 There are 16 lines, numbered 1 to 14 with two lines, 3bis and 7bis, which are named because they started out as branches of lines 3 and 7; later they officially became separate lines; the Metro is still numbered as if these lines were absent. Lines are identified on maps by number and colour, and direction of travel is indicated by the terminus. It is the second-busiest subway system in Europe, after Moscow.〔(« Metro Features List » ) on metrobits.org〕 It carried 1.541 billion passengers in 2012, (up from 1.524 billion in 2011),〔 4.210 million passengers a day. It is one of the densest metro systems in the world, with 245 stations within the of the city of Paris. Châtelet – Les Halles, with 5 Métro lines and three RER commuter rail lines, is the world's largest metro (subway) station.〔() 〕 The first line opened without ceremony on 19 July 1900,〔 during the World's Fair (Exposition Universelle). The system expanded quickly until the First World War and the core was complete by the 1920s. Extensions into suburbs and Line 11 were built in the 1930s. The network reached saturation after World War II with new trains to allow higher traffic, but further improvements have been limited by the design of the network and in particular the short distances between stations. Besides the Métro, downtown Paris and its urban area are served by the RER developed from the 1960s, several tramway lines, Transilien suburban trains and two VAL lines, serving Charles De Gaulle and Orly airports. In the late 1990s, the automated line 14 was built to relieve RER line A. == Naming == Métro is the abbreviated name of the company that originally operated most of the network: ''La Compagnie du chemin de fer métropolitain de Paris'' ("The Paris Metropolitan Railway Company"), shortened to "Le Métropolitain". That was quickly abbreviated to ''métro'', which became a common word to designate all subway networks (or any rapid transit system) in France and in many cities elsewhere ''(a genericized trademark)''. The Métro is operated by the ''Régie autonome des transports parisiens'' (RATP), a public transport authority that also operates part of the RER network, bus services, light rail lines and many bus routes. The name ''métro'' proved very popular and was adopted in many languages, making it the most used word for a (generally underground) urban transit system. It is possible that "Compagnie du chemin de fer métropolitain" was copied from the name of London's pioneering underground railway company, the Metropolitan Railway, which had been in business for almost 40 years prior to the inauguration of Paris's first line. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Paris Métro」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|